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Description: | Charles laments the passing of traditional skills such as stacking brought about by the many changes in farming techniques during the first half of the 20th century. He outlines his personal experiences of dairy and sheep farming. Tanton is a village just north of Stokesley.
lexis
naught = nothing; canny bit = quite a lot; somewhat = something; over = too; easing = eaves of stack of corn; siche = such; aye = yes; these here = these; land = to arrive (here = to have arrived, land on one’s feet); intiv = to (+ V); while = till; nobbut = only; court = to go out with, date; think on! = bear that in mind!, think about it!; folks = people; sexton = church warden; bob = shilling; beast = cattle; by gum! = by God! (exclamation of surprise or disbelief); and all = too, as well, also
phonology
definite article ® [t]; H-dropping; /r/ ® [r/ > 4]
START [a:]; PRICE [a:]; GOAT [o:]; FACE [E:]; MOUTH [@u:]; FLEECE [i: ~ I@]; happY [I]
® [Iv@]; ® [@]; ® [_tr/]; ® [QnI];
® [wa]
note also brought [br/QUt], to [tI], neither [nE@D@ ~ ni:D@], naught [naUt], horses [QsIz], over [QU@], make [mak], in [I], because [bIkQs], masters [mE@st@z], show [SaU], get [gIt], won’t [wI@nt], learn [la:n], do [di: ~ dI@], with [wIv], there [DE@], by [bI], hour [@u@z], first [f@st], four [fQU@], thirteen [T@?ti:n], have [Ev] and had [Ed], heard [I@d], always [O:l@z], bought [bQUt], pound [pUnd], well [wi:l], give [gI], old [A:d], two [tUu], beat [beIt] and more [mE@]
grammar
word order with infinitive phrase (I had it all to pick up = I had to pick it all up)
know + infinitive (I neither knew to plough)
multiple negation (I neither knew to plough nor do naught with horses; I couldn’t set a furrow nor naught; masters can’t show them neither)
verbal inflection with I (I does a canny bit of threshing now); with third person plural (the farmers doesn’t know how to make stacks)
of + pronoun ® on (the majority on them; some on them)
preterite get (we had to fork down below the easing and never get a bit of dry corn)
zero definite article (_ man that built that stack; down at _ milkhouse)
use of thy (here’s thy money)
third person plural is (the masters is as bad as the young fellows; times is and times was); third person plural was (times is and times times was)
on + general time phrase (half past six on a morning)
preterite come (he never come back while five; every morning that ever come)
adjective as adverb (if they’d been sweating heavy)
there was + plural complement (there was three mornings)
zero relative pronoun (there was three mornings _ bells never got rung)
determiner, those ® them (they never got rung them three mornings)
zero plural marker on noun (thirty bob)
inverted verb phrase as tag (they lost thirty bob a head, did all my sheep)
note use and phonetic quality of utterance final discourse marker you know [j@ nQ:] and utterance initial discourse marker why [wEI]. Note also construction they called him Jack Frankish = he was called Jack Frankish. | License: | http://www.bl.uk/services/copy/permission.html | Rights holder: | British Library | Source: | Collect Britain | Creator: | University of Leeds | Identifier: | http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/personal... | Language: | en-GB | Go to resource |
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