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Description: | 2010 T 616:Ten Roman coins and five artefacts were found2010 T 632:Thirty-six Roman coins and nine artefacts were foundThe coinsThe group 2010 T616 consists of one silver Roman Republican coin of the denomination known as a denarius, three Roman Imperial denarii and eight copper alloy Roman coins of mixed denominations (sestertii, dupondii and asses). The earliest coin is that of Mark Antony issued in 32-31BC and the latest those of Antoninus Pius (the sestertius dates between AD 152 to 154 and the denarius of Faustina II could date up to AD 161).The group 2010 T632 consists of five silver Roman Imperial denarii (four of which are silver plated ancient forgeries) and 31 Roman coins of mixed denominations (two copper alloy dupondii/asses and 29 base silver or copper alloy 'radiates'). This group could be seen as including a discrete radiate hoard ending in the coin of Allectus (AD 296). The remaining coins fit better with the earlier date of the mixed coins from 2010 T616.Summary of coins with 2010 T616:Roman Republic (Mark Antony, 32-31 BC) 1 denariusVespasian (AD 69-79) 1 denariusDomitian (AD 81-96) 1 asTrajan (AD 98-117) 3 sestertius, as and dupondiusHadrian (AD 117-138) 2 denarius and dupondius/asSabina 1 dupondius/asAntoninus Pius (AD 138-161) 2 sestertius and asFaustina II 1 denariusTotal 12Summary of coins with 2010 T632:denariiMaximinus (AD 235-238) 1Plated denarii 4dupondii/assesDomitian (AD 81-96) 2radiatesVolusian (AD 251-253) 1Gallienus (sole reign) (AD 260-8) 2Salonina 3Claudius II 1Victorinus (AD 269-271) 3Tetricus I (AD 271-274) 2Tetricus II 2Uncertain Gallic emperor 8Allectus (293-296) 1Irregular 3Illegible 3Total 36The objectsThe objects were recorded on the PAS database by the Finds Liaison Officer, Dot Boughton and seen by Dr. Richard Hobbs at the British Museum. They are summarised below by with their PAS database reference (prefix LANCUM-).1. 2A1974: Copper alloy button loop fastener, Wild 1970 class II/III, 1st to 2nd C AD.2. 2A0EB1: Copper alloy button loop fastener, Wild class II, 1st to 2nd C AD3. 2A0275: Copper alloy open work elliptical mount, heavily cleaned, 1st to 2nd C AD.4. 2A4216: Metal pin with projecting ring head, Cool type 17, late Roman5. 2A4BE3: Modern copper ring.6. 2A6070: Modern copper alloy disc.7. 2A94A0: Modern copper alloy heart-shaped pendant.8. 2A8753: Copper alloy vesica-shaped mount, post-medieval.9. 2A5575: Modern copper alloy disc.10. 70DA02: Copper alloy plate brooch with silver appliqué surface, probably 1st to 2nd C AD (heavily cleaned).11. 70E632: Tin-rich copper alloy stud, possibly Roman.12: 70C124: Tin alloy bell, not of Roman date.13. (no PAS ref) Modern silver finger ring fragments.14. (no PAS ref) Iron fragment, post-medieval or modern.Of the five artefacts found in the area of the coins 2010 T616 (nos. 10 to 14), three were found to be of modern or post-medieval date and therefore not thought to have been associated with the coins. A Roman copper alloy plate brooch with silver appliqué surface, pellet border and whirligig design (PAS ref LANCUM-70DA02) probably dates to the first to second century AD and a copper alloy stud (LANCUM-70E632) was of possible Roman date (there are parallels with the studs used on Roman helmets).Of the nine objects found in the area of the coins 2010 T632 (nos. 1 to 9), five were thought to be of post-medieval date and therefore probably not associated with the coins. The remaining objects consisted of two Roman copper alloy button loop fasteners (LANCUM-2A1974 and 2A0EB1, Wild 1970 Class II/II and class II respectively) dating to the first to second century AD and an openwork elliptical mount of similar date (LANCUM-2A0275). A Roman pin with projecting head ring (LANCUM-2A4216, Cool type 17) can be approximately dated to the late Roman period. Button loop fasteners are frequently associated with military sites and could potentially indicate occupation of this nature at the site in question.Metal Content and AgeThe coins satisfy the terms of the Treasure Act with regard to age and metal content. They are certainly more than 300 years old and the denarii (other than the plated ones) have a precious metal content in excess of the 10%.Same find?The group of coins in 2010 T616 could have been deposited together in the mid to late second century AD. Roman Republican denarii of Mark Antony circulated for a long period in Britain due to their high silver content. The coins in this find could have all been in circulation at the time of deposition and may represent a mixed hoard. Such a combination of denominations and metal types found together is unusual but is supported in this case by the close proximity within which they were found.Although found on a later occasion, the group of coins in 2010 T632 were found at a distance of only four metres from the above and are therefore considered together with them. The group of radiates are later in date and a different denomination from the first find and could therefore be considered to be a discrete hoard deposited in the third century AD. The rest of the coins are again of mixed denominations and fit better with the spread of material from 2010 T616. It is possible that this represents either a scattered hoard second to third century hoard or separate episodes of deposition as part of the same activity at the site (possibly with a ritual or military function). The date of the Roman objects found within the same small area seems to fit with this period of activity.RecommendationOn the balance of probabilities, I conclude that this find constitutes a prima facie case of treasure under the terms of the Treasure Act (1996), by being part of a group of two or more precious metal coins of the same find (and more than ten base metal coins of the same find). The Roman artefacts (nos. 1-4 and 10-11 inclusive on the above list) are considered to be associated with the coins on the basis of their proximity and similar date.Dr. Eleanor GheyThe Department of Coins and MedalsThe British Museum | Publisher: | http://finds.org.uk | Source: | Portable Antiquities | Identifier: | http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/r... | Go to resource |
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